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Polarizing light microscopes is one of the valued tools in microscopy; it provides all the benefits of bright field microscopy but offers a huge collection of information that other microscopy technique can’t provide. One of the best known applications of polarized light microscopes is its geological applications, and that is to study minerals in rock thin sections.
And speaking of minerals, no other instrument does it better and gives reliable information than polarizing light microscopes. Minerals in general are naturally occurring chemical element or substance formed through geological processes. According to a research, there are more than 3000 minerals species are known and most of which are characterized by definite chemical composition, crystalline structure, and physical properties. But minerals are often classified mostly by its chemical composition, hardness, appearance like the color, luster and opacity, and of course crystal class.
So, just how are minerals formed? Minerals are primarily formed from two or more natural element or compound that has a regular arrangement of atoms and a specific chemical composition, it comes from the earth and no living creature can form any mineral. The plants get minerals from the soil and we in turn obtain minerals from plants, animals indirectly and from water sources. When minerals are bounded together they form rocks and there are three types of rocks, namely; igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Igneous rocks are molten materials, solidified magmas is the best example of an igneous rock. Sedimentary rocks are free sediments or rock fragments that hardens in time, there are three types of sediments namely; clastic rocks, chemical rocks and organic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when extreme heat and pressure deep inside the earth changes the structural and mineralogical aspects of pre-existing rocks while it is in the solid form.
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